廢舊電纜的再利用
Reuse of Waste Cables
廢舊電纜利用方法
Utilization Method of Waste Cable
1.手工剝皮法：該法采用人工進行剝皮，效率低、成本高，而且工人的操作環境較差；
1. Manual peeling method: This method uses manual peeling, which has low efficiency, high cost and poor operating environment for workers.
2.焚燒法：焚燒法是一種傳統的方法，使廢線纜的塑料皮燃燒，然后回收其中的銅，但產生的煙氣污染極為嚴重，同時 ，在焚燒過程中銅線的表面嚴重氧化，降低了金屬回收率，該法已經被各國政府嚴格禁止；
2. Incineration method: Incineration method is a traditional method, which burns the plastic skin of waste cables and recovers the copper, but the smoke pollution is very serious. At the same time, the surface of copper wire is seriously oxidized during the incineration process, which reduces the metal recovery rate. This method has been strictly prohibited by governments all over the world.
3.機械剝皮法：采用線纜剝皮機進行處理，該法仍需要人工操作，屬半機械化，勞動強度大，效率低，而且只適用處理粗徑線纜；
3. Mechanical peeling method: using cable peeling machine to deal with, this method still needs manual operation, which is semi-mechanized, labor intensive, low efficiency, and only applicable to the treatment of thick cable;
4.化學法：化學法處理廢線纜技術是在上個世紀90年代提出的，一些國家曾進行研究，我國在“八五”期間也進行過研究。該法有一個最大的缺點是產生的廢液無法處理，對環境有較大的影響，故很少采用；
4. Chemical method: The technology of dealing with waste cables by chemical method was put forward in the 1990s. Some countries have studied it, and our country has also studied it during the Eighth Five-Year Plan. One of the biggest drawbacks of this method is that the waste liquid can not be disposed of and has a great impact on the environment, so it is seldom used.
5.冷凍法：該法也是上個世紀九十年代提出的，采用液氮做制冷劑，使廢線纜在極低的溫度下變脆，然后經過破碎和震動，使塑料皮與銅線段分離，我國在“八五”期間也曾經立項研究，但此法的缺點是成本高，難以進行工業化的生產。
5. Freezing method: This method was also put forward in the 1990s. It uses liquid nitrogen as refrigerant to make waste cables brittle at very low temperature, and then breaks and shakes to separate plastic sheets from copper segments. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, a study was carried out in China. However, the disadvantage of this method is its high cost and difficulty in industrialized production.
廢舊電纜的分類
Classification of Waste Cables
1.絕緣種類：V代表聚氯乙??；X代表橡膠；Y代表聚乙烯；YJ代表交聯聚乙烯；Z代表紙。
1. Insulation type: V stands for polyvinyl chloride; X stands for rubber; Y stands for polyethylene; YJ stands for crosslinked polyethylene; Z stands for paper.
2.導體材料：L代表鋁；T（省略）代表銅。
2. Conductor material: L represents aluminium; T (omitted) represents copper.
3.內護層：V代表聚氯乙稀護套；Y聚乙烯護套；L鋁護套；Q鉛護套；H橡膠護套；F氯丁橡膠護套。
3. Inner sheath: V represents polyvinyl chloride sheath; Y polyethylene sheath; L aluminum sheath; Q lead sheath; H rubber sheath; F chloroprene rubber sheath.
4.特征：D不滴流；F分相；CY充油；P貧油干絕緣；P屏蔽；Z直流。
4. Characteristic: D without drip; F phase separation; CY oil filling; P lean oil dry insulation; P shielding; Z DC.
5.控制層：0無；2雙鋼帶；3細鋼絲；4粗鋼絲。
5. Control layer: 0 without; 2 double steel strips; 3 fine steel wires; 4 thick steel wires.
6.外被層：0無；1纖維外被；2聚氯乙稀護套；3聚乙烯護套。
6. Outer coating: 0 without; 1 fiber outer coating; 2 polyvinyl chloride sheath; 3 polyethylene sheath.
7.阻燃電纜在代號前加ZR；耐火電纜在代號前加NH。
7. Flame-retardant cable with ZR before code; fire-resistant cable with NH before code.
廢舊電纜的回收
Recycling of Waste Cables
電纜在不能正常使用的情況下，都會歸為廢舊處理，一些電纜是由廠家負責返廠維修和更換，另外一些得不到更換的，一般都會歸為廢銅類處理掉，處理時交由各地區的廢舊物資回收商進行收購處理，由廢舊物資回收商負責進行電纜的扒皮并回收其中的銅，其中得到電纜的銅再送到銅廠加工電纜或其他的銅制品，或直接煉成銅錠。
Cables can not be used normally, they will be classified as waste disposal. Some cables are repaired and replaced by the manufacturer. Others can not be replaced, they will generally be classified as waste copper. When disposed of, they will be purchased and treated by waste material recyclers in different regions. The waste material recyclers will be responsible for picking up the cables and recycling the copper in them. Copper from cables is sent to copper factories to process cables or other copper products, or directly to make copper ingots.
廢舊電纜的正規回收
Regular Recycling of Waste Cables
我國刑法第225條規定：1、未經許可經營法律、行政法規規定的專營、專場物品或者其他限制買賣的物品的”，而廢舊電纜非普通“破爛”，無證買賣即屬非法經營。
Article 225 of China's Criminal Law stipulates that: 1. Unauthorized operation of franchised, exclusive or other restricted goods stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, while used cables are not ordinary "broken", unlicensed trading is illegal.
“在回收廢舊電纜的過程中，違反國家規定或擾亂市場秩序，情節嚴重的，處五年以下有期徒刑或拘役。
"Whoever violates State regulations or disturbs market order in the process of recycling used cables, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.